Genetic diversity and antibacterial activity of endophytic fungi from Zanthoxylum nitidum / 中国中药杂志

In order to reveal the distribution and population characteristics of endophytic fungi from Zanthoxylum nitidum and the antibacterial potential,this study performed molecular identification and analyzed the genetic diversity and antibacterial activity of endophytic fungi from Z. nitidum in Guangxi. Through culture and molecular identification,35 strains,belonging to 15 genera,12 families,10 orders,4 classes,and 2 phyla,were isolated from various tissues of Z. nitidum,of which Colletotrichum and Fusarium were the dominant genera,respectively accounting for 20% of total strains. The diversity of endophytic fungi was significantly different among roots,stems,and leaves,as manifested by the significantly higher Shannon index( H') in stems( 1. 678) than in roots( 0. 882 1) and leaves( 0. 515 4). The antimicrobial activity analysis showed that 14. 28% of endophytic fungi inhibited at least one indicator pathogen. Among them,Fusarium sp. ZN-34 and Fusarium sp. ZN-26 separately demonstrated the strongest inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. In general,Fusarium sp. ZN-26 and Phialemoniopsis plurioloculosa ZN-35 were advantageous in suppressing the two bacteria owing to the broad spectrum and strong efficacy. In summary,Z. nitidum in Guangxi boasts rich endophytic fungi with the majority showing strong antibacterial activity,which can be used as candidates for the extraction and separation of basic antibacterial substances and the development of natural antibacterial agents.

Inhibitory effect of endophytic fungi from Dysosma versipellis on HIV-1 IN-LEDGF/p75 interaction / 中国中药杂志

To determine the inhibitory effect of endophytic fungi from Dysosma versipellis on HIV-1 IN-LEDGF/p75 interaction,the protein-protein interaction between human immunodeficiency virus type 1( HIV-1) integrase and lens epithelial growth factor p75 protein( LEDGF/p75) was used as a target. The homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence( HTRF) technique was used in the inhibitory activity assay. The results showed that eight endophytic fungi with anti-IN-LEDGF/p75 interaction activity were screened out from fifty-three strains with different morphological characteristic. Among them,106 strain showed strong inhibitory activity against HIV-1 IN-LEDGF/p75 interaction with IC50 value of 5. 23 mg·L-1,and was identified as a potential novel species of Magnaporthaceae family by the analyses of ITS-rDNA,LSU and RPB2 sequences data. This study demonstrated that potential natural active ingredients against the HIV-1 IN-LEDGF/p75 interaction exist in the endophytic fungi of D. versipellis. These results may provide available candidate strain resources for the research and development of new anti-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome drugs.

Effects of exogenous IBA and fungal elicitor on growth of in vitro roots culture of Dysosma versipellis and production of podophyllotoxin / 中国中药杂志

Using the White as basic medium, the effects of the exogenous IBA and endophytic fungal elicitor on the growth of in vitro roots cultures of Dysosma versipellis and production of podophyllotoxin were investigated in this study. The results showed that the IBA and the endophytic fungus Zasmidium syzygii elicitor could increase the content of podophyllotoxin of in vitro roots of D. versipellis after 3 weeks. The White medium added with 3 mg·L~(-1) IBA induced the highest increase of podophyllotoxin(1 830.86 μg·g~(-1)), which was 2.07 folds greater than the control, and followed by 1.5 mg·L~(-1) IBA, fungal elicitor, 1 mg·L~(-1) IBA, 0.5 mg·L~(-1) IBA and 4.5 mg·L~(-1) IBA, which was 1.82, 1.71, 1.63, 1.43 and 1.1 folds greater than the control, respectively. The results also showed that the growth of roots was certain positively correlated with the change of IBA concentration. Therefore, 3 mg·L~(-1) IBA was the most suitable for the production of podophyllotoxin in the in vitro roots of D. versipellis, and the stimulating effect of Z. syzygii fungal elicitor was between 1.5 mg·L~(-1) and 1 mg·L~(-1) IBA, which was a potential natural elicitor to induce the accumulation of podophyllotoxin in future production.

Application in diagnosis and treatment of circulating tumor cell detection in lung cancer / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are cancer cells that fall off from the primary tumor and enter into the blood circulation system. CTCs detection will contribute to diagnosing tumor in its early stage, monitoring the relapse and metastasis, evaluating the prognosis. In this review, the recent progress and the application in diagnosis and treatment of CTCs detection methods in lung cancer were summarized.

Advances in research on diversity of endophytic fungi from medicinal plants / 中国药学杂志

To review the progress of studies on diversity of endophytic fungi from medicinal plants. Based on the original publications, the species diversity and interaction diversity as well as the specificity of endophytic fungi from medicinal plants were analyzed. The methods of fungal isolation and identification, species diversity, interaction diversity and specificity of endophytic fungi from medicinal plants were summarized. In addition, the problems in the current studies were analyzed and possible solutions were proposed in the present report. Endophytic fungi of medicinal plants, which are of rich species diversity, have important application prospect for resource conservation and regeneration of medicinal plants.

Isolation, identification and antimicrobial activities of endophytic fungi of Dysosma versipellis (Hance) M. Cheng / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To examine the diversity and antimicrobial activities of the endophytic fungi of Dysosma versipellis (Hance) M. Cheng. METHODS: The identification of the fungi was carried out by rDNA-ITS sequence analysis. The antimicrobial activities of the isolated endophytic fungi were determined by agar block test. RESULTS: Nineteen strains of various endophytes were obtained from the roots, stems and leaves of D. versipellis, which were molecularly identified to belong to eight catalogues and thirteen genuses. The DV04 had remarkable antimicrobial activities to Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. Morphological and molecular identification demonstrated that DV04 represented Leptodontidium sp.. CONCLUSION: The endophytic fungi in Dysosma versipellis are diverse and rich. Some strains such as DV04 deserve further research as an alternative antimicrobial resource.

Microscopic observation on mycorrhiza of rare herb Dysosma versipellis / 中国中药杂志

Endophytic fungi played an important role in the growth of its host plant. To investigate the mycorrhizal characteristics and the distribution of fungi in the root, an endangered wild plant-Dysosma versipellis was collected and observed by electron microscope. The results showed that the host was closely associated with endophytic fungi. The fungi were mainly distributed in the epidermis and cortex. The aseptate and septate fungi with swollen hyphae were observed in some cell of the cortex. The result provides a reference for the study of mycorrhizal structure of Dysosma genus and the interaction between the fungi and its host.

Infrared radiation and magnetic field therapy ameliorates cartilage damage in rabbits with knee osteoarthritis / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effect of infrared radiation and magnetic field therapy on cartilage damage in rabbits with knee osteoarthritis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Knee osteoarthritis was induced in 24 adult New Zealand rabbits by prolonged fixation of the knee joint in extension for 6 weeks. The rabbits were subsequently randomized into control group (without treatment), infrared therapy group, magnetic field therapy group and the combined infrared and magnetic field therapy group. At the end of the first, second and third weeks of the therapy, respectively, 2 rabbits from each group were sacrificed to observe the general changes and histopathology of the condylar cartilage of the femur, and the findings were assessed using Mankin scores.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with other groups, the rabbits in the combined therapy group showed significantly milder cartilage damage (including injury of the cartilage surface and chondrocyte's proliferation and disarrangement) with significantly lower Mankin scores (P<0.05). No significant differences were found in the findings between the two groups with exclusive infrared or magnetic field therapy (P>0.1).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Combined infrared and magnetic field therapy can effectively alleviate cartilage destruction, shortens the disease course and enhance the therapeutic effects in rabbits with knee osteoarthritis.</p>

Root microstructure and distribution of the endophytic fungi in Taxus chinensis var. mairei / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the root microstructure and the distribution of the endophytic fungi in Taxus chinensis var. mairei.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The roots of Taxus chinensis var. mairei at nature were cut with paraffin, dyed and observed by microscope.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The secondary structure of the roots of Taxus chinensis var. mairei consisted of the periderm and vascular cylinder (stele). Axial and radial systems formed the secondary xylem of the roots. Tracheids and xylary parenchyma cells constituted the axial system, and xylary radial formed the radial systems. The secondary phloem consisted of sieve cells and phloem parenchymas. Only a small quantity of phloem fibers were distributed in the secondary phloem, and the phloem ray was unconspicuous. Many endophytic mycelia penetrated in the velamina.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The secondary structure of the root of Taxus chinensis var. mairei accords with that of other gymnosperms and dicotyledons, although its secondary xylem is constituted with tracheids and sieve cells. The endophytic mycelia exists in the local cells of velamina in the roots of Taxus chinensis var. mairei.</p>